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Three things are needed for the combustion reaction to occur. Fuel, oxygen and heat. This is called the combustion triangle. It is very difficult to establish the oxygen-fuel-heat balance in the right proportions in solid fuels such as wood and coal. For this reason, the combustion reaction starts, but cannot be completed because the correct proportions cannot be achieved.
Many factors can change this ratio, for example, cold wind may reduce the temperature and cause the combustion to be incomplete, or the combustion reaction of the oxygen-free fuel may stop. In such cases, since the combustion reaction is incomplete, ash, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide remain. Carbon monoxide and a mixture of nitrogen oxides and ash can have very dangerous consequences for humans on exposure. This mixture also forms components of
smoke from solid fuels.